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An Ophthalmologist's Insight Into The Viral Pandemics
Rebika Dhiman1, Vaishali Rakheja1, Rohit Saxena1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Abstract:
In recent past, major pandemics and epidemics have occurred due to the emergence and resurgence of the novel strains of viruses like Influenza [HINI-A "Spanish Flu", H1N1-Novel A "Swine flu"], Corona [Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2)] and Ebola virus [Ebola virus disease]. These infectious diseases may have several ocular manifestations and rarely might be the presenting symptom of the underlying disease. The eyes can act as a portal of entry and/or route of viral transmission for these pathogens. Therefore, an ophthalmologist/optometrist needs to act with ample preparedness and responsibility. Establishing a standard of care in ophthalmic practice by modifying the conventional examination techniques and adopting tele-ophthalmology model to triage the patients can control the community spread of the disease. This article aims to elucidate the ocular manifestations in these pandemics and measures that should be adopted in ophthalmic practice to prevent the disease transmission.
Insights
Major viral pandemics like Influenza, Corona, and Ebola can cause eye problems, sometimes as the first symptom. Ophthalmologists must adapt practices, including using tele-ophthalmology, to prevent disease spread.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Recent pandemics caused by novel viral strains (Influenza, Corona, Ebola) pose significant public health challenges.
- Ocular manifestations are potential symptoms of these viral infections, and the eyes can serve as a route for pathogen entry and transmission.
- Ophthalmologists and optometrists play a crucial role in managing these cases and preventing community spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the ocular manifestations associated with major viral pandemics.
- To outline essential measures for ophthalmic practices to prevent viral transmission.
- To emphasize the importance of adapting eye care services during epidemics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ocular manifestations in Influenza, Corona, and Ebola virus outbreaks.
- Analysis of standard of care modifications in ophthalmic practice.
- Evaluation of tele-ophthalmology as a triage and management tool.
Main Results:
- Viral infections can present with diverse ocular symptoms, sometimes being the initial clinical sign.
- The eyes are a potential portal of entry and transmission route for various viruses.
- Modified examination techniques and tele-ophthalmology can mitigate disease transmission in eye care settings.
Conclusions:
- Ophthalmologists must be prepared for viral disease outbreaks and their ocular implications.
- Implementing updated protocols and embracing tele-ophthalmology are vital for patient safety and disease control.
- Standardizing care in ophthalmic practice is key to preventing viral spread during pandemics.
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