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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Continuous decisions.

Seng Bum Michael Yoo1, Benjamin Yost Hayden2, John M Pearson3

  • 1Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|January 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study advocates for expanding decision-making research to include continuous decisions, which involve evolving options and feedback loops. Understanding these complex choices requires new theoretical frameworks beyond traditional economic models.

Keywords:
continuousembodiedopen-world

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Decision-making research predominantly focuses on discrete choices between two options.
  • Real-world decisions often involve continuous options and evolve over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Advocate for the expansion of decision-making studies to include continuous decisions.
  • Propose new theoretical frameworks for understanding continuous decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis and theoretical proposal.
  • Drawing parallels with engineering control theory.

Main Results:

  • Continuous decisions involve a spectrum of responses modified over time.
  • Reciprocal feedback between choices and environment is crucial.
  • New research questions arise regarding valuation, simulation, and hierarchical processing.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering control theory offers a more suitable foundation for continuous decisions than microeconomics.
  • Goal states and policies may be more relevant than 'value' for continuous decisions.
  • Expanding decision-making research to continuous choices offers significant scientific potential.