Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

236
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
236
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

315
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
315
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

332
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
332
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

2.2K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
2.2K
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

199
Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
199
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

560
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
560

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of cognitive impairments on the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina·2026
Same author

Cognitive profiles and dementia severity in older patients with atrial fibrillation, with and without ischemic stroke: A cross-sectional study.

Science progress·2026
Same author

Clozapine Withdrawal-Induced Catatonia with Overlapping Features of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: a Case Report.

Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)·2026
Same author

Influence of Severity and Stroke Localization on the Development of Vascular Dementia and Impairment of Certain Cognitive Functions.

Materia socio-medica·2026
Same author

Aphasia in Patients with Intracranial Tumors.

Materia socio-medica·2026
Same author

Association of Botulinum toxin treatment due to aesthetic corrections in the face with the level of happiness, anxiety and depression.

Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.7K

Cognitive Disorders in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Aida Sehanovic1,2, Dzevdet Smajlovic1,2, Emir Tupkovic2,3

  • 1Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Materia Socio-Medica
|January 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive disorders are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting memory and attention even in early stages. These impairments worsen as the disease progresses, impacting daily function.

Keywords:
cognitionmultiple sclerosisneurology

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.4K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.7K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.4K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory central nervous system disease.
  • Cognitive impairment affects over 50% of individuals with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and patterns of cognitive disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis.
  • To compare cognitive function in early-stage MS, long-standing MS, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 135 MS patients and 50 healthy controls.
  • Participants categorized into newly diagnosed MS, long-standing MS (>1 year), and healthy groups.
  • Utilized a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing memory, attention, visuospatial skills, and executive functions.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive disorders were identified in 40-60% of MS patients.
  • Mnestic functions (memory, learning, recollection) were most affected (30-60%), particularly in the long-standing MS group.
  • Visuospatial and visuoperceptive deficits were more pronounced in the long-standing MS group; verbal fluency difficulties increased with disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive disorders in MS are heterogeneous and present early.
  • Impairments commonly involve working memory, executive functions, and attention.
  • Global intellectual efficiency may decline later in the disease progression.