Risk Factors in Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Denis Mrsic1, Jasmina Smajlovic2, Daniela Loncar1
1Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Center Tuzla.
Insights
Smoking and hypertension are key risk factors for non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Identifying and managing these cardiovascular disease risks, especially in men and younger patients, is crucial for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Atherosclerotic epicardial coronary artery disease is the primary cause of myocardial ischemia, affecting 90% of patients.
- Established risk factors are strongly linked to the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of traditional coronary artery disease risk factors in patients diagnosed with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
- To analyze these risk factors in relation to patient gender.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 600 patients treated for NSTEMI.
- Data collected from June 2016 to December 2019 at the Clinic for Internal Medicine, UKC Tuzla.
Main Results:
- Smoking (65%) was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by hypertension (58%) and hyperlipoproteinemia (39%).
- In males, smoking predominated (74%), while hypertension was most common in females (67%).
- Younger patient groups showed smoking and family history as leading risks.
Conclusions:
- Known risk factors for cardiovascular disease necessitate effective prevention and treatment strategies.
- Smoking cessation significantly reduces reinfarction risk by 50%, highlighting its importance in secondary prevention.
- Understanding and mitigating coronary risks enhances patient well-being and confidence.
Introduction:
The most common cause of myocardial ischemia is atherosclerotic epicardial coronary artery disease, present in 90% of patients. Risk factors positively correlate with the onset, development and subsequent complications of atherosclerotic disease.
Aim:
Determine the percentage frequency of classic risk factors for coronary disease in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), with regard to gender.
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 600 respondents, treated for NSTEMI at the Clinic for Internal Medicine of the University Clinical Center (UKC) Tuzla, in the period from June 2016 to December 2019.
Results:
Overall, smoking was the leading risk factor (65%), followed by hypertension (58%), hyperlipoproteinemia (39%), overweight (33%), positive family burden (30%) and diabetes mellitus (19%). In male patients, the leading risk factor was smoking, rating at 74%, while in female patients - it was hypertension at 67%. In younger groups of patients leading risk factors were smoking and a positive family burden.
Conclusion:
With adequate prevention and treatment measures, a significant reduction in the prevalence of the cardiovascular disease can be achieved, since the risk factors for its development have long been known. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective secondary prevention measure since it reduces the reinfarction risk rate by 50%. Knowledge of coronary risks, as well as success in reducing them, can greatly contribute to patients' overall sense of contentment and significantly raise their self-confidence.
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