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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Pleural Effusions in Pulmonary Emboli: A Single Centre Experience.

Karl Jackson1, Avinash Aujayeb1

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Thoracic Medicine

Background:

  • Pleural effusions are a common complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
  • Current guidelines for the investigation and management of PE-associated pleural effusions are lacking.
  • Local management practices require review to inform future clinical guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the local management of pleural effusions associated with acute pulmonary embolism.
  • To identify patterns in investigation and treatment of these effusions.
  • To provide data for the development of future clinical practice guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational, single-centre study.
  • Analysis of computed tomography pulmonary angiograms (CTPAs) performed in 2019.
  • Review of electronic records, imaging, and discharge letters for patients with PE and associated pleural effusions.

Main Results:

  • Of 1630 CTPAs, 316 (19.4%) were positive for PE, with 89 (28.1%) having associated pleural effusions.
  • Only 5 (5.8%) patients underwent pleural aspiration; all effusions were exudative.
  • Pulmonary infarction/consolidation was associated with effusion development; 21% of patients had no identifiable risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Pleural effusions are common in pulmonary embolism and lung infarction but are infrequently aspirated.
  • Current management of pulmonary embolism does not appear to be altered by the presence of an associated pleural effusion.
  • This study represents a significant patient cohort for understanding PE-related pleural effusions.