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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
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The Ocular Neural Crest: Specification, Migration, and Then What?

Antionette L Williams1, Brenda L Bohnsack1,2

  • 1Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|January 11, 2021
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Neural crest (NC) cells are crucial for vertebrate eye development, forming the anterior segment. Further research is needed to understand their migration and differentiation for potential regenerative therapies.

Keywords:
anterior segmentneural crestocular developmentocular diseasesperiocular mesenchyme

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neural crest (NC) cells are multipotent stem cells originating from the dorsal neural tube during vertebrate embryonic development.
  • The periocular mesenchyme (POM), derived from ocular NC cells, contributes to key anterior eye structures like the cornea, iris, and trabecular meshwork.
  • Congenital eye diseases highlight the critical role of NC cell contributions to ocular development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on neural crest cell specification, migration, and contribution to ocular development, particularly the anterior segment.
  • To highlight the insights gained from studying clinical manifestations of associated congenital eye diseases.
  • To identify knowledge gaps concerning positional information during NC migration and differentiation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular cell biology and genetic analyses.
  • Consolidation of recent scientific literature on neural crest cell development.
  • Analysis of clinical data from congenital eye diseases (e.g., Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Peters anomaly, primary congenital glaucoma).

Main Results:

  • Neural crest cells are essential for forming the anterior segment of the eye.
  • Understanding NC cell behavior is crucial for addressing congenital eye diseases.
  • Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding NC cell migration guidance and terminal differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of neural crest cell contributions to ocular development is still evolving.
  • Insights from congenital eye diseases underscore the need for improved therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into NC cell biology holds potential for developing novel regenerative therapies for ocular conditions.