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Related Concept Videos

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

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Lean mass and peak bone mineral density.

Huy G Nguyen1,2, Minh Td Pham1,3, Lan T Ho-Pham1,2,3

  • 1Bone and Muscle Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
|January 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lean mass is the primary factor influencing peak bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults, not fat mass. Maintaining good physical activity can help maximize bone mass during adulthood.

Keywords:
Bone mineral densityFat massLASSOLean massVietnamese

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Area of Science:

  • Bone health research
  • Body composition analysis
  • Human physiology

Background:

  • Peak bone mineral density (BMD) is crucial for lifelong skeletal health.
  • The specific roles of lean mass and fat mass in achieving peak BMD are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these associations can inform strategies for osteoporosis prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between body composition (lean mass, fat mass) and peak bone mineral density (BMD).
  • To determine the relative contributions of lean and fat mass to BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 416 women and 334 men (aged 20-30 years).
  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured whole-body composition and BMD.
  • Linear regression with LASSO identified predictors of BMD.

Main Results:

  • Men had higher peak BMD than women, particularly at the femoral neck.
  • Lean mass was the sole significant predictor of BMD in both sexes.
  • Each 1kg increase in lean mass correlated with a ~0.01 g/cm² increase in BMD.
  • Lean mass explained 16% (lumbar spine) and 36% (femoral neck) of BMD variation.

Conclusions:

  • Lean mass, rather than fat mass, is the key determinant of peak bone mineral density.
  • Physical activity in adulthood is important for maximizing peak bone mass.
  • Findings suggest lifestyle interventions focusing on muscle mass may enhance skeletal strength.