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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Functional Polymer Systems with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Stimuli Responses.

Ting Han1, Xinnan Wang2, Dong Wang3

  • 1Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.

Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham)
|January 11, 2021
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Smart polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties offer high sensitivity to environmental changes. This review explores functional synthetic polymer systems integrating AIE and stimuli responses for advanced applications.

Keywords:
Aggregation-induced emissionFluorescence sensorsFunctional polymersStimuli responses

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive polymers alter properties in response to external triggers.
  • Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) materials exhibit enhanced fluorescence upon aggregation.
  • Integrating AIE with stimuli-responsive polymers creates advanced smart materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in functional synthetic polymer systems combining AIE and stimuli-responsive properties.
  • To summarize the design, preparation, performance, and applications of these integrated polymer systems.
  • To discuss current challenges and future perspectives in this research area.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of functional synthetic polymer systems with AIE and stimuli responses.
  • Summarization of examples of AIE-based polymers responding to single and multiple stimuli.
  • Analysis of design strategies, preparation techniques, and performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Functional polymer systems integrating AIE and stimuli responses demonstrate high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent photostability.
  • These systems can be designed to respond to various physical and chemical stimuli.
  • Applications span diverse fields due to tunable fluorescence and responsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of AIE and stimuli responses is a powerful strategy for developing highly sensitive smart polymers.
  • These advanced materials offer significant potential for sensing, imaging, and other applications.
  • Further research is needed to address current challenges and unlock future development opportunities.