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Randomized controlled trial on Dryland And Thermal Aquatic standardized exercise protocol for chronic venous disease
Erica Menegatti1, Stefano Masiero2, Paolo Zamboni1
1Vascular Diseases Center, Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
|January 11, 2021
Summary
Thermal aquatic immersion significantly improved chronic venous disease symptoms and leg volume more than dryland exercise. This natural hot spring treatment offers enhanced benefits for patients with venous insufficiency.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Hydrotherapy
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Chronic venous disease (CVD) affects a significant portion of the population, leading to symptoms like leg swelling and reduced mobility.
- Standardized exercise protocols are often recommended for managing CVD, but their efficacy can vary.
- Thermal aquatic immersion (TW) using mineral-rich hot spring water presents a novel approach to managing CVD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of a standardized exercise protocol in thermal aquatic immersion versus a dryland (DL) environment for patients with chronic venous disease (CVD).
- To evaluate the impact of TW and DL exercise on leg volume, ankle range of motion (ROM), venous parameters, and quality of life in CVD patients.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-four patients with CVD were randomized into two groups: one performing exercises in a 33°C mineral-rich thermal water (TW group) and the other in a dryland (DL) environment.
- Measurements included leg volumetry, ankle ROM, ultrasound assessment of subcutaneous tissue and great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter, and quality of life questionnaires (VVSymQ and CIVIQ-20).
Main Results:
- The TW group demonstrated significant reductions in leg volume (approx. -432 mL right, -359 mL left) and subcutaneous tissue thickness, alongside a decrease in GSV diameter (approx. 6%).
- Ankle ROM significantly increased in both groups, but only the TW group showed a correlation between volume reduction and ROM improvement.
- Quality of life scores (VVSymQ and CIVIQ-20) improved significantly in the TW group, while only CIVIQ-20 improved in the DL group.
Conclusions:
- Thermal aquatic immersion significantly enhances the clinical benefits of standardized exercise for patients with chronic venous disease.
- TW therapy, particularly using mineral-rich water, shows potential for superior lower limb volume control in CVD management.
- Further rigorous research is needed to establish TW as an evidence-based treatment modality for CVD.
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