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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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From DNA to Protein03:06

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Deciphering the genetic code of DNA methylation.

Mengchi Wang1, Vu Ngo1, Wei Wang2

  • 1Bioinformatics and Systems Biology at University of California, USA.

Briefings in Bioinformatics
|January 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the genetic code regulating DNA methylation, crucial for biological processes and disease. Understanding these cis-acting elements offers potential for early cancer detection via liquid biopsy.

Keywords:
DNA methylationDNA motifcancercfDNAliquid biopsy

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is vital for biological processes, with aberrant patterns linked to diseases.
  • Cis-acting DNA elements, including transcription factors and histone modifications, influence locus-specific DNA methylation.
  • DNA motifs regulating methylation are being identified, suggesting diagnostic and prognostic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biological basis of the cis-acting genetic code governing DNA methylation.
  • To review computational models predicting DNA methylation based on genetic features.
  • To discuss the clinical utility of this knowledge, especially for liquid biopsy in cancer diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on DNA methylation regulation.
  • Analysis of computational models for predicting DNA methylation patterns.
  • Discussion of biological insights derived from these models.

Main Results:

  • Established the biological foundation for cis-acting genetic elements controlling DNA methylation.
  • Highlighted computational approaches for predicting methylation based on genetic data.
  • Identified potential clinical applications, particularly in cancer diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic regulation of DNA methylation is key to deciphering its role in disease.
  • Computational models provide valuable insights into methylation mechanisms.
  • Leveraging this knowledge, especially through liquid biopsy, can advance early cancer diagnosis and treatment.