Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

5.7K
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
5.7K
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

5.1K
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
5.1K
Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

2.7K
Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
2.7K
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

271
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
271
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

206
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
206
Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

3.7K
The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Indian Patients with Gaucher Disease - A Multicentric Study.

Indian journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Comparative clinical significance of HPV DNA, HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and p16<sup>INK4a</sup> in cervical cancer among Indian and USA populations: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Otitis Externa to Support the WHO Package of Ear and Hearing Care Interventions.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2026
Same author

Cervical angioleiomyoma: A rare tumor behind persistent menorrhagia and pelvic pain.

Oncoscience·2026
Same author

Public Awareness as a Tool for Improving Community Health: A Systematic Review of Communication and Community-Based Interventions.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Prevalence and Impact of Oro-Dental Trauma Among 13-18-Year-Old Contact Sportspersons in Lucknow, North India: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation

Published on: August 19, 2020

5.9K

Glomerular C4d deposition in proliferative glomerular diseases.

Sarojini Raman1, Pallavi Mishra1, Ansuman Panigrahi2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|January 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

C4d deposition is common in proliferative glomerular diseases, particularly associated with IgG and IgM staining. This finding aids in understanding complement pathways and disease pathogenesis.

Keywords:
C4d positivitycomplement proteinsimmunoglobulin markersproliferative glomerular diseaserenal biopsy

More Related Videos

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
10:14

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

14.2K
Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation

Published on: August 19, 2020

5.9K
An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
10:14

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

14.2K
Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Proliferative glomerular diseases involve complex complement pathways.
  • Immunohistochemical evaluation of C4d aids in understanding renal pathology.
  • C4d deposition is a marker of complement activation in kidney diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate C4d expression in native renal biopsies of proliferative glomerular diseases.
  • To investigate the role of complement pathways in these diseases.
  • To correlate C4d with histological, clinical, and immunological markers.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 107 native renal biopsies diagnosed with proliferative glomerular diseases.
  • Immunohistochemistry using polyclonal anti-human C4d antibody.
  • Classification of patients based on glomerular C4d deposition (positive/negative).

Main Results:

  • Overall C4d positivity was 80.4% in proliferative glomerular diseases.
  • C4d positivity ranged from 60.0% in C3 glomerulonephritis to 92.9% in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
  • Glomerular IgG and IgM staining were significantly associated with C4d positivity (aOR: 5.86 and 3.90, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • C4d staining, alongside immunoglobulin markers (IgG, IgM), helps delineate complement activation pathways.
  • This approach aids in understanding the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases.
  • C4d evaluation is a valuable tool in diagnosing and characterizing proliferative glomerular diseases.