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Towards Development of a Non-Intrusive and Label-Free THz Sensor for Rapid Detection of Aqueous Bio-Samples Using

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    This study introduces a novel terahertz (THz) bio-sensor for label-free detection of aqueous bio-samples. The localized spoof surface plasmon resonator design offers high sensitivity for real-time monitoring in lab-on-chip systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Terahertz (THz) Technology
    • Sensing Applications

    Background:

    • Bio-molecule sizes are comparable to THz wavelengths, making this frequency range ideal for bio-medical and bio-sensing.
    • Existing methods may lack sensitivity or require labels, necessitating non-intrusive, label-free approaches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and analyze a novel, non-intrusive, label-free THz bio-sensor for aqueous bio-samples.
    • To achieve high sensitivity for detecting minute changes in dielectric properties using microfluidics and localized spoof surface plasmon (LSSP) resonators.
    • To demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a low-cost point-of-care (PoC) detection solution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized localized spoof surface plasmon (LSSP) resonators for high sensitivity sensing at 1 THz.
    • Employed microfluidic approach for real-time monitoring of aqueous bio-samples.
    • Designed and analyzed sensor performance based on reflection coefficient (S11) and validated with a microwave frequency counterpart.
    • Developed customized read-out circuitry for DC-voltage output.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a high sensitivity of 13.5 MHz/mgml⁻¹ with a high-quality factor of 192 at 1 THz.
    • Demonstrated a sensitive response at microwave frequency (1.2771e-4 MHz/mgml⁻¹), confirming geometry-dependent characteristics.
    • Successfully designed read-out circuitry for potential low-cost PoC applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed THz bio-sensor design exhibits high sensitivity and potential for non-intrusive, label-free detection.
    • The LSSP resonator approach combined with microfluidics offers a promising platform for lab-on-chip bio-sensing systems.
    • The developed sensor and read-out circuitry pave the way for affordable point-of-care diagnostic tools.