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Heart failure is not a determinant of central sleep apnea in the pediatric population

Jonathan A Wheeler1, Kaylee D Tutrow1, Eric S Ebenroth2

  • 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|January 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Central sleep apnea (CSA) prevalence is similar in children with and without heart failure (HF). Unlike in adults, CSA in children is linked to age and prematurity, not heart function.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Adults with heart failure (HF) exhibit a high prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA).
  • Research on CSA in pediatric populations, particularly those with HF, is limited.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding CSA in children with and without HF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of CSA in children with and without heart failure.
  • To investigate the correlation between central apneic events and cardiac function in pediatric patients.
  • To explore potential factors influencing CSA in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 120 children (<18 years) with available echocardiogram and polysomnogram data.
  • Children were categorized into groups with and without HF based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
  • Central sleep apnea (CSA) was defined as a central apnea-hypopnea index (CAHI) >1/hour.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in CSA prevalence was found between children with and without HF (p=0.195).
  • Children with CSA were younger and had a higher prevalence of prematurity.
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) did not correlate with central apnea index (CAI) in children.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to adult findings, CSA prevalence does not differ between pediatric groups with and without HF.
  • In children, central apneic events appear more associated with age and prematurity than cardiac function.
  • LVEF is not a significant correlate of CAI in the pediatric population.
Abstract

Keywords:
central sleep apneaheart failurepediatricsleep medicine

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