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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...

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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

Forcing the issue: testing gecko-inspired adhesives.

Srinivasan A Suresh¹, Amar Hajj-Ahmad¹, Elliot W Hawkes²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|January 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Controlled-force testing offers a more accurate method for evaluating gecko-inspired adhesives compared to traditional displacement-controlled tests. This approach reveals true material behavior and adhesive limit curves without needing prior application knowledge.

Keywords:

gecko-inspired adhesives materials microstructures testing

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Adhesion Science
Biomimetics

Background:

Traditional material testing involves controlled displacement or force application.
Controlled displacement is common due to ease of apparatus control and safety.
Gecko-inspired adhesives are practically loaded under an applied force paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

To address limitations of controlled displacement testing for gecko-inspired adhesives.
To introduce a controlled-force system and protocol for accurate adhesive testing.
To compare results from controlled-force versus controlled-displacement testing methods.

Main Methods:

Design and implementation of a novel controlled-force testing system.
Development of a testing protocol specifically for directional gecko-inspired adhesives.
Comparative analysis of adhesive behavior under controlled-force and controlled-displacement conditions.

Main Results:

Controlled-force testing provides a more realistic loading scenario for gecko-inspired adhesives.
Significant differences observed in material behavior between the two testing paradigms.
Controlled-displacement testing can introduce artifacts unless loading matches application deflections.

Conclusions:

Controlled-force testing is superior for accurately characterizing gecko-inspired adhesives.
This method enables precise generation of adhesive limit curves.
It eliminates the need for prior knowledge of material behavior or application loading details.