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Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview
Mujeeb Z Banday1, Aga S Sameer2, Saniya Nissar1
1Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Associated Shri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
Avicenna Journal of Medicine
|January 13, 2021
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder causing hyperglycemia due to insulin issues. This review covers diabetes classification and pathophysiology, crucial for understanding its complications.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia.
- Hyperglycemia stems from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
- This metabolic dysfunction affects carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the classification of diabetes mellitus.
- To elucidate the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and its subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on diabetes mellitus.
- Synthesis of information on diabetes classification and pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition with diverse presentations.
- Hyperglycemia is a key diagnostic biomarker and a driver of complications.
- Understanding pathophysiology is essential for managing metabolic dysfunctions.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus classification and pathophysiology are critical for clinical understanding.
- Hyperglycemia underlies the metabolic derangements and long-term complications of diabetes.
- This review provides a foundational overview for further research and clinical practice.
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