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On-chip silicon photonic controllable 2 × 2 four-mode waveguide switch.

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This study presents a novel 2x2 multimode optical switch for mode division multiplexing. The silicon-on-insulator device offers efficient, low-loss signal switching for high-speed optical processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics
  • Optical Communication

Background:

  • Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is crucial for high-speed optical signal processing.
  • Efficient and compact optical switches are needed to realize advanced MDM systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate a novel 2x2 multimode optical switch.
  • To enable simultaneous switching of optical signals across multiple spatial modes.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a 2x2 multimode switch using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material.
  • Integration of Y-multijunctions, multimode interference couplers, and thermo-optic phase shifters with Ti heaters.
  • Utilizing thermo-optic effects for signal switching.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a novel 2x2 multimode switch with low insertion loss (< -3 dB) and low crosstalk (< -19 dB).
  • Achieved simultaneous switching of four quasi-transverse electric modes with low power consumption (22.5 mW) and fast switching time (5.4 µs).
  • Device operates within a 50 nm bandwidth (1525-1575 nm) with a compact footprint and good fabrication tolerances.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multimode switch is a key component for on-chip mode division multiplexing optical interconnects.
  • The design is reconfigurable and scalable for multifunctional applications.
  • This technology advances high-speed optical signal processing capabilities.