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Mammalian molar complexity follows simple, predictable patterns.

Keegan R Selig1, Waqqas Khalid2, Mary T Silcox2

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada keegan.selig@mail.utoronto.ca.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The inhibitory cascade model (ICM) explains mammalian molar complexity, showing how simple developmental changes, influenced by diet, shape tooth evolution and variation.

Keywords:
Euarchontaocclusal morphologythree-dimensional orientation patch count rotated

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Mammalian paleontology
  • Comparative anatomy

Background:

  • Understanding the evolution of complex mammalian molars is key to studying phenotypic variation.
  • The inhibitory cascade model (ICM) explains molar proportion variation through developmental signaling.
  • The developmental basis of molar complexity (cusp and crest number) remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the inhibitory cascade model (ICM) can explain the evolution of mammalian molar complexity.
  • To determine if molar complexity follows a morphogenetic gradient and how it relates to diet.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molar complexity patterns across the molar row.
  • Correlation of developmental gradients with ecological factors (diet).

Main Results:

  • Molar complexity conforms to the inhibitory cascade model (ICM), exhibiting a linear morphogenetic gradient.
  • Diet-dependent differences in inhibitory/activating signaling result in contrasting molar complexity patterns.
  • The ICM provides a simple developmental framework for molar complexity evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The inhibitory cascade model (ICM) offers a unifying developmental explanation for mammalian molar complexity and proportion variation.
  • Small-scale developmental changes, modulated by ecology, can drive significant evolutionary changes in molar morphology.
  • This study provides a framework for testing developmental hypotheses in mammalian evolution.