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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
409
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

592
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
592
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

414
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
414
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

412
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
412
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection00:59

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection

237
In pharmacokinetics, the elimination rate of a drug following a capacity-limited model is primarily controlled by two parameters: Vmax and KM. These parameters are crucial in how the drug behaves inside the body after administration.
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

363
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

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[Ultra-rapid lispro (Lyumjev®)].

J C Philips1, N Paquot1

  • 1Service de Diabétologie, Nutrition et Maladies métaboliques, CHU Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|January 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New ultra-rapid insulins, like Ultra-rapid lispro (URLi), offer improved control over post-meal blood sugar spikes in diabetes patients. These advanced insulins provide a more effective solution for managing hyperglycaemia compared to existing rapid-acting options.

Keywords:
HypoglycaemiaInsulin therapyPostprandial hyperglycaemiaUltraDiabetesrapid insulin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Pharmacology
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Insulin therapy aims to replicate natural pancreatic hormone secretion.
  • Rapid insulin analogues improve postprandial glucose control but have limitations.
  • A need exists for faster-acting insulins to manage glycaemic excursions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages of ultra-rapid insulins, specifically Ultra-rapid lispro (URLi).
  • To compare URLi with other rapid insulin analogues.
  • To evaluate URLi's efficacy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for Ultra-rapid lispro (URLi).
  • Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiling of URLi.
  • Comparative analysis against existing rapid insulin analogues.

Main Results:

  • Ultra-rapid insulins demonstrate more favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
  • URLi shows potential for better hyperglycaemia control post-meals.
  • Clinical data from type 1 and type 2 diabetes trials support URLi's advantages.

Conclusions:

  • Ultra-rapid insulins represent an advancement in diabetes care.
  • URLi offers improved glycaemic control compared to traditional rapid insulins.
  • URLi is a promising option for managing postprandial hyperglycaemia.