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Normal Load and Counter Body Size Influence the Initiation of Microstructural Discontinuities in Copper during

F Ruebeling^1,2, Y Xu^3,4, G Richter⁵

¹Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 14, 2021

Summary

The study reveals a dislocation trace line forms beneath sliding copper surfaces, influencing microstructure evolution. This phenomenon occurs across various loads and contact pressures, impacting tribological behavior.

Keywords:

copper electron microscopy lattice rotation microstructure sapphire tribology

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Tribology
Solid Mechanics

Background:

Tribological behavior is governed by microstructural changes at the interface of sliding metallic bodies.
The fundamental mechanisms driving these tribologically induced microstructural changes remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of normal load and counter body size on the initiation of tribologically induced microstructures in copper after a single sliding pass.
To elucidate the early stages of subsurface deformation and microstructural evolution under sliding contact.

Main Methods:

Systematic variation of normal load and sphere diameter to achieve contact pressures from 530 MPa to 1953 MPa.
Utilized Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to analyze subsurface deformation.
Employed Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) to assess microstructural misorientation.

Main Results:

A consistent dislocation trace line was identified in the subsurface region (100-400 nm depth) across all tested conditions.
Below 6.75 N, dislocation features formed beneath the trace line; above this load, evolution was confined between the surface and the trace line, which moved deeper.
Misorientation was concentrated at the dislocation trace line, indicating material rotation.

Conclusions:

The dislocation trace line is a general phenomenon in sliding contacts, occurring over a wide range of loads and pressures.
Microstructure evolution is complex and depends on load, with the dislocation trace line acting as a key feature.
This research provides a foundation for modeling early-stage microstructural changes in tribological contacts.