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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Operational amplifiers (op-amp) are used in signal conditioning, filtering, or for performing mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, integration, and differentiation. The frequency response of an op-amp is an important aspect that describes how the gain of the amplifier varies with frequency.
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Evaluation of Adaptive Loop-Bandwidth Tracking Techniques in GNSS Receivers.

Iñigo Cortés1, Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe1, Jari Nurmi2

  • 1Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 15, 2021
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Summary

Adaptive tracking loops enhance Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver performance. The LBCA technique offers superior tracking precision and robustness in dynamic scenarios with minimal complexity increase.

Keywords:
adaptive scalar tracking loop (A-STL)fast adaptive bandwidth (FAB)fuzzy logic (FL)global navigation satellite system (GNSS)loop-bandwidth control algorithm (LBCA)piece-wise linear approximation of non-linearities (PLAN)

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Area of Science:

  • * Navigation Systems Engineering
  • * Signal Processing
  • * Adaptive Control Systems

Background:

  • * Fixed tracking loops in GNSS receivers struggle with varying noise and dynamic conditions.
  • * Optimal performance requires adaptive adjustments for precision and robustness.
  • * Existing adaptive techniques like FAB, FL, and LBCA offer trade-offs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * Evaluate performance and complexity of state-of-the-art adaptive scalar tracking techniques.
  • * Compare adaptive techniques against traditional loops in static and dynamic scenarios.
  • * Identify the most effective adaptive technique for modern digital GNSS receivers.

Main Methods:

  • * Implemented FAB, FL, and LBCA adaptive techniques in an open software interface GNSS hardware receiver.
  • * Utilized a third-order adaptive Phase-Locked Loop (PLL).
  • * Tested algorithms in simulated static and high-dynamic vehicular conditions, measuring tracking precision, system robustness, and time complexity.

Main Results:

  • * LBCA with piece-wise linear approximation outperformed FAB and FL in static and dynamic tests.
  • * LBCA demonstrated superior tracking precision and robustness.
  • * LBCA exhibited the lowest time complexity among the adaptive techniques evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • * Adaptive tracking loops are crucial for optimizing GNSS receiver performance.
  • * LBCA provides a significant improvement over traditional tracking loops.
  • * LBCA offers the best balance of performance and computational complexity for GNSS receivers.