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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Neurophysiological adaptations to spaceflight and simulated microgravity.

Alex Buoite Stella1, Miloš Ajčević2, Giovanni Furlanis1

  • 1Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|January 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Simulated microgravity alters neurophysiology, impacting the central nervous system and potentially thermoregulation. Understanding these brain changes is crucial for space exploration and clinical applications on Earth.

Keywords:
Bed restCorticospinal excitabilityMicrogravityNerveNeurophysiologySpace physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Physiology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Spaceflight induces physiological changes, with microgravity being a key factor.
  • Simulated microgravity, like head-down bed rest (HDBR), partially replicates these conditions.
  • Neurophysiological systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis during microgravity are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex neurophysiological changes induced by simulated microgravity.
  • To explore the structural and functional alterations in the central nervous system.
  • To understand the potential involvement of somatosensory pathways in thermoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study brain structure and function.
  • Analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) data to assess brain activity.
  • Investigated corticospinal excitability and somatosensory evoked potentials.

Main Results:

  • fMRI revealed significant involvement of the cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex, somatosensory areas, and vestibular pathways.
  • EEG analysis yielded varied results due to confounding factors.
  • Increased corticospinal excitability correlated with better functional preservation.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated microgravity induces notable changes in central nervous system structure and function.
  • Further research into somatosensory evoked potentials and peripheral nerve function is warranted.
  • Findings have implications for space exploration, clinical conditions, and terrestrial life.