Deep learning-based reconstruction in ultra-high-resolution computed tomography: Can image noise caused by high...

This study aimed to assess the noise characteristics of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (UHRCT) with deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR).

Two different diameters of water phantom were scanned with three different resolution acquisition modes. Images were reconstructed by filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (hybrid-IR), and DLR. Image noise analysis was performed with noise magnitude, peak frequency (f_p) of the noise power spectrum (NPS), and the square root of the area under the curve (√AUC_NPS) for the NPS curve.

The noise magnitude was up to 3.30 times higher for the FBP acquired in SHR mode than that for the NR mode. The f_p values of the FBP were 0.20-0.21, 0.34-0.36, and 0.34-0.37 cycles/mm for normal resolution (NR), high resolution (HR), and super high resolution (SHR) mode, respectively. The f_p of hybrid-IR was 0.16-0.19, 0.21-0.26, and 0.23-0.26 cycles/mm for NR, HR, and SHR mode, respectively. The f_p of DLR was 0.21-0.32 and 0.22-0.33 cycles/mm for HR and SHR mode, respectively. √AUC_NPS showed that the highest value in FBP images of the SHR mode was up to 1.89 times that of the NR mode. DLR in the HR and SHR modes showed high noise reduction while suppressing f_p shift with respect to FBP.

The new DLR algorithm could be a solution to the noise increase due to the high-definition detector elements and the small reconstruction matrix element size.