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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Published on: May 23, 2011

Microgravity effects on the human brain and behavior: Dysfunction and adaptive plasticity.

K E Hupfeld¹, H R McGregor¹, P A Reuter-Lorenz²

¹Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|January 17, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spaceflight impacts the human brain, causing both dysfunction and adaptive plasticity. Understanding these effects is crucial for future deep space missions.

Keywords:

Adaptation Compensation Head-down-tilt bed rest Plasticity Spaceflight

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Space Medicine
Human Physiology

Background:

Space travel poses risks to the human brain and behavior.
Research shows spaceflight induces both brain dysfunction and adaptive neural changes.
Existing knowledge highlights effects like fluid shifts and gray matter changes alongside neural compensation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new framework, Spaceflight Perturbation Adaptation Coupled with Dysfunction (SPACeD), for understanding spaceflight's brain effects.
To synthesize current literature on neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptation in spaceflight and microgravity.
To explore factors influencing these spaceflight-induced neural changes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of neurobehavioral effects of spaceflight and microgravity analogues.
Conceptual framework development (SPACeD).
Comparative analysis with the aging literature.

Main Results:

Spaceflight induces co-occurring neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptive plasticity.
Adverse effects include intracranial fluid shifts, gray matter changes, and white matter declines.
Adaptive effects involve sensory reweighting and neural compensation.

Conclusions:

The SPACeD framework helps synthesize complex brain changes during spaceflight.
Parallels exist between spaceflight and aging concerning neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptation.
Future research should differentiate dysfunctional from adaptive effects and track recovery timelines.