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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Published on: May 31, 2018

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Engineering Aligned Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using Decellularized Plant-Derived Scaffolds.

Ya-Wen Cheng, Daniel J Shiwarski, Rebecca L Ball

    ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
    |January 19, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Decellularized green onion scaffolds promote aligned skeletal muscle growth. This low-cost plant material offers a promising substrate for tissue engineering, guiding cell differentiation and organization effectively.

    Keywords:
    decellularizationengineered tissueshuman skeletal muscleplant scaffolds

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Tissue Engineering
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Engineered tissues require scaffolds supporting cell adhesion, alignment, growth, and differentiation.
    • Decellularization of animal muscle yields 3D scaffolds, but plant-derived cellulose scaffolds offer a structured, sustainable alternative.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess decellularized plant scaffolds for promoting mouse and human skeletal muscle cell alignment and differentiation.
    • To identify plant-based materials suitable for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

    Main Methods:

    • Decellularization of various fruits and vegetables to create cellulose scaffolds.
    • Culturing C2C12 (mouse) and human skeletal muscle cells (HSMCs) on decellularized scaffolds.
    • Analyzing cell alignment, confluence, and differentiation using microscopy and quantitative methods.

    Main Results:

    • Decellularized green onion scaffolds exhibited surface topography (20 μm wide x 10 μm deep grooves) ideal for cell alignment.
    • The outer white section of the green onion scaffold effectively guided C2C12 cell differentiation into aligned myotubes.
    • Quantitative analysis showed near-complete anisotropic organization of C2C12 and HSMCs on the green onion scaffold.

    Conclusions:

    • Decellularized green onion cellulose scaffolds provide a simple, low-cost substrate for engineering aligned human skeletal muscle.
    • The specific microstructure of the green onion scaffold is key to guiding muscle cell organization and differentiation.