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Controlling human platelet activation with calcium-binding nanoparticles.

David Cabrera1, Karen Walker2, Sandhya Moise1,3

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.

Nano Research
|January 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium-binding nanoparticles target the open canalicular system (OCS) in platelets. This study shows the OCS is a key calcium source, and OCS-targeted nanoparticles can inhibit platelet activation, preventing blood clots.

Keywords:
calcium signalinghuman plateletsnanochelatorsnanoparticlesopen canalicular system

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Platelet aggregation is crucial for hemostasis but also causes pathological blood clots.
  • Cytosolic calcium concentration in platelets controls their activation and aggregation.
  • The open canalicular system (OCS) in platelets is a potential intracellular calcium store.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the OCS in platelet calcium regulation.
  • To assess the efficacy of calcium-binding nanoparticles targeted to the OCS for inhibiting platelet activation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of citrate-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as calcium-binding agents.
  • Selective uptake of nanoparticles into the OCS of activated human platelets.
  • Measurement of cytosolic calcium levels and assessment of platelet aggregation and clot retraction.

Main Results:

  • Citrate-coated nanoparticles were rapidly and selectively uptaken into the platelet OCS.
  • Nanoparticles buffered calcium accumulation within the OCS.
  • Treatment reduced thrombin-evoked cytosolic calcium rises, slowed platelet aggregation and clot retraction.

Conclusions:

  • The OCS serves as a critical calcium source regulating platelet activation.
  • Targeting the OCS with calcium-binding nanoparticles offers a potential therapeutic strategy for anti-platelet therapy.
  • This approach could help prevent heart attacks and strokes caused by unwanted blood clots.