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Determining species identity from confiscated pangolin remains using DNA barcoding.

Adrian U Luczon1, Perry S Ong1, Jonas P Quilang1

  • 1Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources
|January 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

DNA barcoding identified 85 pangolin remains in the Philippines. This crucial technique distinguished endemic Palawan pangolins from Malayan pangolins, aiding in combating illegal wildlife trade.

Keywords:
DNA barcodingManis culionensisPangolinsillegal wildlife tradewildlife forensics

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Genetics
  • Wildlife Forensics
  • Biodiversity Protection

Background:

  • Illegal wildlife trade poses a significant threat to global biodiversity.
  • Accurate identification of confiscated wildlife is essential for effective law enforcement.
  • DNA barcoding offers a powerful tool for species identification from biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply DNA barcoding for the identification of unidentified pangolin remains seized in the Philippines.
  • To determine the species and potential geographic origins of confiscated pangolins to support anti-trafficking efforts.

Main Methods:

  • DNA barcoding was performed on 85 unidentified pangolin specimens.
  • Genetic analysis was used to identify species and assess genetic diversity.
  • Phylogenetic analysis was employed to infer population structure and origins.

Main Results:

  • 73 specimens from Palawan were identified as the endemic Palawan pangolin (Manis culionensis), showing minimal genetic divergence.
  • 12 pangolin carcasses recovered from a fishing vessel were identified as Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica).
  • The Malayan pangolins exhibited a 3.3% mean genetic distance, indicating at least two distinct geographic origins.

Conclusions:

  • DNA barcoding effectively identified pangolin species and provided insights into their origins.
  • The findings support conservation strategies by highlighting the distinct populations and the scope of illegal trade.
  • This study underscores the importance of genetic tools in combating illegal wildlife trafficking and protecting endangered species.