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The Effect of Patient Specific Factors on Occlusal Forces Generated: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Sarah Kay Youny Lee1, Thomas J Salinas1, Jonathan P Wiens2
1Department of Dental Specialties, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Summary
Patient-specific factors like age, gender, and dental status significantly influence occlusal force. Tooth replacement therapies may increase bite force, but bruxism impacts contact time more than power.
Area of Science:
- Dental Science
- Biomechanics
- Evidence-Based Dentistry
Background:
- Occlusal force is a critical biomechanical parameter in dentistry.
- Understanding factors influencing occlusal force is essential for treatment planning and prosthodontic rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature and identify relationships between patient-specific factors and occlusal force.
- To synthesize current evidence on how individual patient characteristics affect bite force.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a comprehensive literature review across major databases (EBMR, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE).
- Utilized keywords such as "bite force," "occlusal force," "edentulism," "bruxism," and "orthognathic class."
- Included meta-analyses, systematic reviews, RCTs, case series, and journal articles; excluded case reports, pediatric, animal, and bench studies.
Main Results:
- Identified 97 relevant articles from an initial search of 1502.
- Evaluated and categorized studies focusing on patient-specific factors impacting occlusal forces.
- Found significant correlations between occlusal force and factors including age, gender, and edentulism.
Conclusions:
- Occlusal force exhibits high variability, strongly correlated with patient-specific factors like age, gender, edentulism, and jaw relationships.
- Tooth replacement therapies enhancing occlusal contact show potential for increasing bite force.
- Bruxism is associated with increased tooth contact time rather than necessarily higher occlusal power; dental restoration type has minimal impact.
