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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Noninvasive and Invasive Renal Hypoxia Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
Published on: October 28, 2022
Quantitative Assessment of Renal Perfusion and Oxygenation by Invasive Probes: Basic Concepts
Kathleen Cantow1, Roger G Evans2, Dirk Grosenick3
1Working Group Integrative Kidney Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are early key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury of various origins, and may also promote progression from acute injury to chronic kidney disease. Here we describe basic principles of methodology to quantify renal hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation by means of invasive probes in experimental animals. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed in the context of the heterogeneity of renal tissue perfusion and oxygenation.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by a separate chapter describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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