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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Simultaneous T2, T2*, and R2' Mapping for Multiple Sclerosis Using Nonlinear Model-Based Reconstruction of

Jose Raul Velasquez Vides1,2, Carl J J Herrmann1,3, Thomas Gladytz1

  • 1Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Berlin, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|June 19, 2026
PubMed

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a faster MRI technique combining 2in1-RARE-EPI acquisition and nonlinear reconstruction for brain imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The method accelerates scans by 7.5-fold, improving lesion detection and visualization.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and monitoring rely on advanced neuroimaging techniques.
  • Current MRI methods for quantitative mapping of T2, T2*, and R2' are often limited by long acquisition times and sensitivity to motion and off-resonance effects.
  • Accelerated and accurate parametric mapping is crucial for improving patient compliance and enabling broader clinical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the synergistic potential of undersampled radial 2in1-RARE-EPI acquisition and nonlinear model-based reconstruction.
  • To achieve accelerated and simultaneous T2, T2*, and R2' mapping in the brains of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • To overcome limitations of conventional reference techniques in MS brain imaging.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
R2′ mappingcentral vein signmultiple sclerosisnonlinear model‐based reconstructionquantitative multiparametric MRIsimultaneous T2 and T2* mapping

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  • Implemented a novel 2in1-RARE-EPI sequence combining RARE and EPI modules for T2 and T2* data acquisition.
  • Applied nonlinear model-based reconstruction to estimate T2, T2*, and R2' maps directly from undersampled k-space data.
  • Conducted a retrospective undersampling experiment comparing nonlinear model-based reconstruction with parallel imaging compressed sensing (PICS) and validated against multiecho spin-echo (MSE) and multiecho gradient-echo (MGRE) methods in phantoms, healthy subjects, and MS patients.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 7.5-fold acceleration in scan time for T2, T2*, and R2' mapping compared to reference methods.
  • The proposed method demonstrated agreement with reference techniques in phantoms and in vivo.
  • Nonlinear model-based reconstruction showed superior spatial detail and accuracy over PICS at higher acceleration factors, enabling detection of focal MS lesions and visualization of the central vein sign.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nonlinear model-based reconstruction of 2in1-RARE-EPI significantly reduces scan time.
  • This acceleration enhances patient compliance and provides a foundation for using T2, T2*, and R2' as imaging biomarkers in MS.
  • The technique shows promise for improved clinical studies and diagnostics in multiple sclerosis.