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Related Concept Videos

Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
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Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
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Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

Stress-Strain Diagram

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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Digital Image Correlation to Characterize Local Strains on Vascular Tissue Specimens
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Correlating Local Volumetric Tissue Strains with Global Lung Mechanics Measurements.

Hari Arora1, Ria L Mitchell2, Richard Johnston1

  • 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a new method to visualize lung mechanics during breathing. It revealed how alveolar deformations vary regionally, offering insights into lung function and disease.

Keywords:
alveolidigital volume correlationlung mechanicsmicro-CTsynchrotron

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Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Breathing mechanics are complex, influenced by lung structural heterogeneities.
  • Understanding alveolar-level deformations is crucial for lung function assessment.
  • Existing methods lack the resolution to capture dynamic, multiscale lung behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an experimental pipeline for imaging alveolar deformations during respiration.
  • To quantify regional ventilation and lung tissue strain using advanced imaging.
  • To correlate local biomechanical changes with global lung function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-micro-CT) for high-resolution lung imaging.
  • Employed Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) to compute 3D strain fields from tomographic data.
  • Recorded Pressure-Volume (P-V) curves to monitor overall lung mechanical behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated regional differences in ventilation and alveolar strain during the respiratory cycle.
  • Observed localized strains up to 150%, with average regional deformations of 80-100%.
  • Showed air redistribution and changes in deformation patterns in poorly ventilated regions over time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SR-micro-CT and DVC pipeline effectively characterizes multiscale lung biomechanics.
  • Findings highlight the significance of regional heterogeneity in normal breathing patterns.
  • This technique can aid in understanding and managing lung pathologies by assessing biomechanical abnormalities.