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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Isolation, Characterization and MicroRNA-based Genetic Modification of Human Dental Follicle Stem Cells

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Harnessing Dental Stem Cell Immunoregulation Using Cell-Laden Biomaterials.

S Pouraghaei Sevari¹, S Ansari¹, C Chen^2,3

¹Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|January 22, 2021

Summary

Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising, accessible cell source for tissue engineering. Biomaterials enhance MSC immunomodulation and host immune system interactions, crucial for successful therapies.

Keywords:

biomedical materials dental-derived mesenchymal cells immune cell-stem cell crosstalk immunoregulation physiomechanical properties tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Immunology
Stem Cell Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human orofacial and dental tissues are accessible and possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities.
Dental-derived MSCs exhibit significant immunoregulatory potential, surpassing bone marrow MSCs.
Biomaterials can protect MSCs from immune invasion and actively modulate their immunoregulatory functions via physical and chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the immunomodulatory functions of dental-derived MSCs.
To explore the role of biomaterials in the interaction between MSCs and the host immune system.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which biomaterials regulate MSCs and their immune crosstalk.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on dental-derived MSCs and biomaterial interactions.
Analysis of mechanisms involving NF-kB pathway, caspase cascades, and P38 MAPK pathway.
Examination of how biomaterial properties (porosity, elasticity) influence MSC viability, fate, and immune factor production.

Main Results:

Biomaterials protect encapsulated MSCs, enhancing viability and tissue regeneration.
Biomaterials modulate MSCs' response to immune stimuli, influencing proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways.
Physiomechanical properties of biomaterials regulate TNF-α receptor clustering and production of factors like IDO and PGE2.

Conclusions:

Dental-derived MSCs are a valuable cell source for tissue engineering due to their immunomodulatory properties.
Biomaterials play a critical role in modulating the MSC-host immune system crosstalk, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
Understanding these biomaterial-MSC-immune interactions is key to advancing tissue engineering therapies.