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Primary Crime Prevention Apps: A Typology and Scoping Review.

Mark A Wood1, Stuart Ross2, Diana Johns2

  • 1Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

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Summary

Smartphone apps for crime prevention are popular but lack rigorous evaluation. Most crime prevention apps are not evidence-based, despite their widespread use.

Keywords:
appscrime preventiondigital criminologysmartphonesviolence prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Public Health
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Smartphone applications have proliferated for crime, violence, and abuse prevention.
  • A systematic analysis of the evidence supporting these crime prevention apps is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of research on smartphone apps for primary crime prevention.
  • To identify research gaps and develop a typology of existing crime prevention apps.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review methodology adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Systematic search of Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar for English-language research (2008-2020).
  • Inclusion of studies examining smartphone applications explicitly designed for primary crime prevention.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-one publications were reviewed out of 151 identified studies.
  • Six types of primary crime prevention apps were identified: self-surveillance, decision aid, child-tracking, educational, crime-mapping/alert, and crime reporting apps.
  • Most identified crime prevention apps lack rigorous evaluation and evidence-based design.

Conclusions:

  • The current body of research indicates a significant gap in the rigorous evaluation of primary crime prevention smartphone applications.
  • The design of many crime prevention apps is not evidence-based, questioning the effectiveness of current technological approaches.
  • The enthusiasm for primary crime prevention apps is not currently supported by a robust evidence base.