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Childhood deafness in Zimbabwe.

D L Viljoen1, G M Dent, A G Sibanda

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|March 5, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Infectious disorders and unknown causes were the leading reasons for deafness in Zimbabwean children. Genetic causes, particularly inherited undifferentiated deafness, were more common in the Shona tribe.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hearing loss is a significant disability affecting children globally.
  • Understanding the etiology of deafness is crucial for targeted interventions and prevention strategies.
  • Previous research on the causes of childhood deafness in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary causes of hearing loss in 885 deaf children across five institutions in Zimbabwe.
  • To identify potential ethnic or tribal variations in the prevalence of different deafness etiologies.
  • To explore the contribution of infectious, genetic, and unknown factors to childhood deafness in the Zimbabwean population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 885 children diagnosed with deafness.

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  • Data collection included medical history, audiological assessments, and family history where available.
  • Etiological categories were assigned based on clinical findings, differentiating between infectious, genetic (syndromic and non-syndromic), and unknown causes.

    • Main Results:

    • Infectious or infective disorders accounted for 40% of the cases of deafness.
    • The underlying cause for deafness remained unknown in 43% of the children studied.
    • A notable prevalence of autosomal recessively inherited undifferentiated deafness was observed among children from the Shona tribe.
    • Genetic syndromic disorders appeared underrepresented in both major tribal groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Infectious diseases and unknown factors are major contributors to childhood deafness in Zimbabwe.
    • The findings suggest a potential genetic predisposition to undifferentiated deafness within the Shona population.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific genetic factors and to address the high proportion of unknown causes.