Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor01:26

Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor

6.4K
A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have  equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
Conventionally, considering the  symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field,...
6.4K
Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

8.6K
A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a...
8.6K
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

881
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
881
Fineness Modulus01:19

Fineness Modulus

1.1K
The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...
1.1K
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

918
Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
918
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

277
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
277

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term FXa inhibition attenuates thromboinflammation after acute myocardial infarction and stroke by platelet proteome alteration.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2024
Same author

Experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the viscoelastic rheology of tracheobronchial mucus from respiratory healthy patients.

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine·2023
Same author

The Biological Metallic versus Metallic Solution in Treating Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures: Outcome Assessment.

Advances in medicine·2016
Same author

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-1,2,3-triazoles as transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor kinase inhibitors.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2013
Same author

Cell cycle-dependent deposition of CENP-A requires the Dos1/2-Cdc20 complex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2012
Same author

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α regulates a SOCS3-STAT3-adiponectin signal transduction pathway in adipocytes.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2012
Same journal

Characterization of Freestream Disturbances in Conventional Hypersonic Wind Tunnels.

Journal of spacecraft and rockets·2021
Same journal

Planetary Probe Entry Atmosphere Estimation Using Synthetic Air Data System.

Journal of spacecraft and rockets·2020
Same journal

Astronaut-induced disturbances to the microgravity environment of the Mir Space Station.

Journal of spacecraft and rockets·2002
Same journal

Three-dimensional modeling, estimation, and fault diagnosis of spacecraft air contaminants.

Journal of spacecraft and rockets·2001
Same journal

Computational dynamic analysis of extravehicular activity: large-mass handling.

Journal of spacecraft and rockets·2001
Same journal

Critical need for a swingby return option for early manned Mars missions.

Journal of spacecraft and rockets·2001
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
11:51

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

8.9K

Numerical Investigation of Roughness Effects on Transition on Spherical Capsules.

Stefan Hein1, Alexander Theiss1, Antonio Di Giovanni2

  • 1German Aerospace Center (DLR), 37073 Göttingen, Germany.

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets
|January 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mechanism of boundary-layer transition on blunt reentry capsules remains unknown. Studies using optimal transient growth theory and direct numerical simulations (DNS) found no evidence of disturbance growth after surface roughness, leaving the transition cause unidentified.

More Related Videos

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ
08:59

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Published on: December 16, 2019

8.4K
Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
08:49

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
11:51

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

8.9K
Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ
08:59

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Published on: December 16, 2019

8.4K
Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
08:49

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

Published on: February 17, 2019

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Hypersonics

Background:

  • Boundary-layer transition on blunt reentry capsules is not fully understood.
  • Surface roughness is a potential trigger for aerodynamic flow instabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of roughness-induced disturbance growth in boundary-layer transition on blunt reentry capsules.
  • Identify the physical mechanism responsible for the onset of transition.

Main Methods:

  • Optimal transient growth theory applied to hypersonic experiments (Mach 5.9).
  • Direct numerical simulations (DNS) for detailed flow field analysis.
  • Comparison with data from different experimental facilities (HLB and ACE).

Main Results:

  • Optimal transient growth studies showed similar trends for different experimental configurations and Reynolds numbers.
  • Both methods indicated a dependence on surface temperature ratio and low maximum energy gain.
  • DNS did not find evidence of modal or nonmodal disturbance growth in the wake of the roughness patch.

Conclusions:

  • The physical mechanism driving boundary-layer transition on blunt reentry capsules, despite surface roughness, remains elusive.
  • Further research is needed to uncover the underlying causes of transition onset in these conditions.