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Physiological Artifacts and the Implications for Brain-Machine-Interface Design.

Majid Memarian Sorkhabi1, Moaad Benjaber1, Peter Brown1

  • 1MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit University of Oxford Oxford, UK.

Conference Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
|January 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skull-mounted Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) and Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS) significantly reduce cardiac artifacts compared to chest-mounted systems. This research models artifact effects, showing cranial placement minimizes interference for clearer brain activity measurement.

Keywords:
Cranial mounted DBSCurrent- source dipole modelDeep brain stimulationECG artifactFinite element method

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate brain activity measurement is crucial for Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) and closed-loop Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS).
  • Conventional chest-mounted DBS systems suffer from significant common-mode artifacts, primarily from cardiac activity, challenging signal integrity due to limited common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and quantify the impact of cardiac-induced artifacts on Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) and Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS).
  • To compare artifact levels between cranial-mounted and pectoral-mounted device architectures.
  • To establish system design requirements for effective artifact mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a current-source dipole model within a torso-shaped volume conductor to simulate cardiac activity.
  • Performed finite element simulations across various Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) architectures to estimate electrocardiogram (ECG) common-mode artifacts.
  • Analyzed the required common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) for different device placements.

Main Results:

  • Skull-mounted systems exhibit significantly lower cardiac artifact effects compared to pectoral-mounted systems.
  • Pectoral-mounted devices require a minimum of 60-80 dB CMRR, whereas cranially mounted devices may require only 0 dB CMRR in worst-case scenarios.
  • Model suggests optimal performance for commercial devices may be achieved with right-sided placement.

Conclusions:

  • Cranial mounting of BMI and DBS devices offers a substantial advantage in reducing physiological artifacts, particularly cardiac interference.
  • The modeling approach provides a framework for defining system requirements and optimizing device placement for closed-loop neuromodulation technologies.
  • Findings have critical implications for the practical translation of BMI and DBS, influencing biomarker selection, system design, and surgical considerations.