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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

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Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
Published on: October 15, 2021
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Intracranial bullet removal using O-arm navigation guidance
Tuija Keinänen1,2, Maija Lahtinen1,2, Susanna Piironen1,2
1Department of Surgery, Operative Care Unit, Oulu University Hospital, PO-BOX 21, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland.
Summary
This study introduces a novel, minimally invasive technique for removing intracranial bullets in children using O-arm imaging for precise intraoperative neuronavigation, ensuring accurate bullet localization.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Pediatric Surgery
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Intracranial foreign bodies, such as bullets, pose significant surgical challenges, particularly in pediatric patients.
- Previous techniques for removal can be invasive and carry risks of neurological damage.
Observation:
- A 14-year-old boy with a 4-year-old intracranial bullet injury underwent a craniotomy for bullet removal.
- O-arm imaging-assisted neuronavigation was utilized during the surgical procedure.
- The O-arm provided real-time, intraoperative imaging to guide the surgical team.
Findings:
- The O-arm facilitated accurate localization of the intracranial bullet in the pediatric patient.
- The mini-invasive technique, guided by O-arm neuronavigation, proved feasible for foreign body removal.
- No significant imaging artifacts were observed, ensuring reliable navigation during the operation.
Implications:
- O-arm intraoperative neuronavigation represents a viable and effective technique for removing intracranial foreign bodies in children.
- This approach may reduce surgical invasiveness and improve patient outcomes in pediatric neurosurgery.
- The study highlights the potential of advanced imaging to enhance precision in complex pediatric surgical cases.

