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When PARPs Meet Antiviral Innate Immunity
1Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
Trends in Microbiology
|January 23, 2021
Summary
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are crucial for antiviral innate immunity. Several PARP family members exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activities, independent of their enzymatic function.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) family comprises 17 human members, characterized by a conserved PARP domain.
- PARPs play roles in DNA damage repair, gene transcription, and cellular stress responses.
- Emerging research highlights the significant involvement of PARPs in antiviral innate immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted roles of PARPs in the context of host antiviral defense.
- To investigate the potential antiviral activities of various PARP family members.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature and seminal studies on PARP functions.
- Analysis of the known enzymatic activities of PARPs, including ADP-ribosylation.
- Examination of studies demonstrating PARP involvement in innate immune responses against viral infections.
Main Results:
- PARPs catalyze ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification essential for DNA repair and other cellular processes.
- Several PARPs, including PARP9, PARP11, PARP12, PARP13, and PARP14, have demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activities.
- These antiviral functions in certain PARPs are independent of their canonical ADP-ribosylation activity.
Conclusions:
- The PARP family plays a critical and diverse role in antiviral innate immunity.
- Specific PARP members possess direct antiviral capabilities that extend beyond their enzymatic functions.
- Further research into PARP-mediated antiviral mechanisms holds promise for therapeutic strategies.
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