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Gender-dependent bladder response to one-day bladder outlet obstruction.

Yutao Lu1, Kristian Fog-Poulsen1, Rikke Nørregaard1

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) causes early tissue changes and fibrosis, with males showing a more pronounced response than females. Further research is needed to understand the causes and consequences of these findings.

Keywords:
Bladder fibrosisBladder outlet obstructionFibronectinGenderTGF-β

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bladder fibrosis, reduced compliance, and voiding dysfunction are severe consequences of lower urinary tract conditions like bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).
  • Pathological bladder remodeling significantly alters bladder function and architecture, potentially impairing kidney function.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving bladder remodeling and the influence of gender remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bladder remodeling following a 24-hour BOO in mice.
  • To determine if bladder remodeling differs between bladder sections (upper and lower).
  • To assess the impact of gender on BOO-induced bladder remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty male and 30 female C57BL/6NRj mice were divided into Control, Sham, and BOO groups.
  • A 24-hour total urethral obstruction was surgically induced.
  • Histological analysis (H&E, trichrome, immunohistochemistry), Western blotting, and qPCR were used to assess bladder tissue changes and molecular signaling.

Main Results:

  • BOO increased bladder mass in females but not males; no significant change in bladder wall thickness was observed.
  • Fibronectin (FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were upregulated in male upper bladders, while females showed increased α-SMA in both segments.
  • TGF-β and Gremlin were upregulated in both sexes, BMP-7 was downregulated in males, and differential SMAD phosphorylation patterns were observed between sexes and bladder segments.

Conclusions:

  • Early alterations in specific proteins and growth factors suggest potential pathways to fibrosis following BOO.
  • Male mice exhibited a more pronounced remodeling response compared to females.
  • Further investigation is required to elucidate the precise causes and functional consequences of these observed remodeling patterns.