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Gender Brain Structural Differences and Interoception.

Mariachiara Longarzo1, Giulia Mele1, Vincenzo Alfano1

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|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Women exhibit heightened attention to interoception, the perception of internal body signals. This study reveals distinct brain structures in females correlating with interoceptive abilities, suggesting a greater neural network involvement.

Keywords:
SAQ scoregray matter volumeinteroceptionsex differencesstructural MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Interoception, the perception of internal bodily sensations, shows gender-based differences.
  • Females typically demonstrate greater attention to interoceptive information.
  • Previous research has not explored the neuroanatomical correlates of these gender differences in interoception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral and structural brain differences related to interoception between genders.
  • To identify specific brain regions associated with interoceptive sensibility in healthy males and females.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI scans were acquired from 73 healthy participants (37 females, 36 males).
  • Participants completed the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) to assess interoceptive sensibility.
  • Statistical analyses included t-tests, MANOVA, and multiple linear regression to compare brain morphology and SAQ scores, and their correlations.

Main Results:

  • Significant gender differences were observed in brain morphometric data (cortical and subcortical volumes), but not cortical thickness.
  • Females scored significantly higher on the SAQ, indicating greater interoceptive sensibility.
  • A strong correlation was found between interoception scores and gray matter volumes, particularly in the left insula for females.

Conclusions:

  • Females exhibit a stronger predisposition and attention towards interoceptive sensations.
  • Interoception in females is associated with a broader network of brain regions, contributing to the sense of self.
  • These findings support a female advantage in interoceptive processing and its neural underpinnings.