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Loneliness, Emotion Dysregulation, and Internalizing Symptoms During Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Structural Equation

Patrizia Velotti1, Guyonne Rogier1, Sara Beomonte Zobel1

  • 1Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|January 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Loneliness during COVID-19 confinement predicted internalizing symptoms, with emotion dysregulation partially mediating this link for depression and stress. Clinical interventions should focus on improving emotional regulation skills.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Mental Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Investigated the psychological impact of COVID-19 confinement.
  • Focused on loneliness and its association with mental health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if loneliness during COVID-19 confinement predicted internalizing symptoms.
  • To examine if emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between loneliness and internalizing symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Online longitudinal survey with 1,330 participants at Time 1 and 308 at Time 2.
  • Utilized validated scales for loneliness, emotion regulation, and depression, anxiety, and stress.
  • Employed structural equation modeling and cross-lagged panel analysis.

Main Results:

  • Loneliness significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress.
  • Emotion dysregulation partially mediated the longitudinal association between loneliness and depression/stress.
  • No mediation was found for the loneliness-anxiety relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Loneliness during confinement is a predictor of internalizing symptoms.
  • Emotion regulation difficulties play a role in the development of depression and stress.
  • Clinical interventions should prioritize enhancing emotion regulation abilities.

Keywords:
anxietydepressionemotion dysregulationlonelinessstress

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