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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

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The Complex Interactions Between Rotavirus and the Gut Microbiota.

Andrew HyoungJin Kim1, Michael P Hogarty1, Vanessa C Harris2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|January 25, 2021
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Summary

Human rotavirus (HRV) causes severe diarrhea in young children. Gut microbiota influences HRV infection and vaccine effectiveness, necessitating further research into these interactions.

Keywords:
animal modelsimmunityin vitro modelsmicrobiotarotavirus (human and animal)rotavirus vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human rotavirus (HRV) is a primary cause of severe diarrhea and mortality in children under five globally.
  • The gut microbiota plays a complex role in HRV infection, influencing disease severity and vaccine efficacy.
  • Limited HRV vaccine effectiveness in low-income countries may be linked to regional gut microbiota variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on human rotavirus (HRV) and gut microbiota interactions.
  • To explore the impact of microbiota on HRV infection and host immune responses.
  • To identify suitable models for future studies on HRV-microbiota dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HRV vaccine cohorts and natural infections.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HRV-microbiota interactions in gnotobiotic pig models.
  • Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro models for studying HRV-microbiota relationships.

Main Results:

  • HRV infection temporarily alters gut microbiota composition.
  • Probiotic administration shows potential in alleviating HRV infection symptoms.
  • Gut microbiota composition may affect HRV vaccine effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota significantly influences human rotavirus (HRV) infection and disease outcomes.
  • Understanding HRV-microbiota interactions is crucial for improving vaccine efficacy, especially in diverse global settings.
  • Further research using advanced in vivo and in vitro models is needed to elucidate these complex interactions and inform public health strategies.