Kawasaki Disease and Allergic Diseases

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Immunology
• Allergy

Background:

• Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, characterized by coronary vasculitis.
• The etiology of KD remains unknown, but its association with allergic diseases is gaining clinical interest.
• Systematic reviews on the link between KD and allergies are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the current literature on the association between Kawasaki disease and allergic diseases.
• To synthesize evidence regarding the prevalence and impact of allergies in children with a history of KD.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases.
• The review included studies published up to August 2020, focusing on immune repertoire, clinical, and epidemiological data.
• Analysis of existing research to identify patterns and associations between KD and allergic conditions.

Main Results:

• KD shares some characteristics with infectious diseases, though allergies are typically triggered by allergens.
• Children with KD showed a higher incidence of allergic rhinitis persisting until age 17 compared to the general population and siblings.
• Individuals with a history of KD were more prone to developing urticaria in adolescence and adulthood.

Conclusions:

• This review confirms an increased incidence of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, following Kawasaki disease.
• Allergic conditions warrant emphasis in the long-term management of patients with KD.
• Integrating allergy management strategies into the care of children with KD is recommended for improved outcomes.