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The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway in the carcinogenesis process

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard1, Atefe Abak2, Farhad Tondro Anamag3

  • 1Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|January 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The PI3K/AKT pathway, crucial for cell cycle control and cancer, is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Understanding these interactions can improve targeted cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway is vital for cellular functions including cell cycle progression, survival, and metabolism.
  • Dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is implicated in various cancers, making it a significant target for anti-cancer drug development.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating PI3K/AKT pathway activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how miRNAs and lncRNAs control the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • To explore the contribution of these noncoding RNAs to carcinogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of miRNAs and lncRNAs as therapeutic targets or biomarkers in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on PI3K/AKT pathway, miRNAs, and lncRNAs.
  • Analysis of identified miRNAs and lncRNAs that either inhibit or activate the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • Synthesis of information regarding the role of these noncoding RNAs in cancer development.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-155-5p, miR-125b-5p) inactivate the PI3K/AKT pathway, while others (e.g., miR-182, miR-21) enhance its activity.
  • Numerous lncRNAs (e.g., GAS5, MEG3, SNHG6) have been identified to interact with and regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • Expression levels of PI3K/AKT-associated miRNAs may serve as prognostic indicators for cancer patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs and lncRNAs are key regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway, influencing its role in cell proliferation and survival.
  • Targeting these noncoding RNAs offers a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of PI3K/AKT-targeted cancer therapies.
  • Individual miRNAs and lncRNAs represent potential therapeutic candidates for intervention in carcinogenesis.
Keywords:
PI3K/AKT pathwaycancerlncRNAmiRNA

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