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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
10:06

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

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The lncRNA H19-Derived MicroRNA-675 Promotes Liver Necroptosis by Targeting FADD.

Rona Harari-Steinfeld1, Maytal Gefen1, Alina Simerzin1

  • 1The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.

Cancers
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA-675 (miR-675) promotes liver cell death by downregulating Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD). This shift from apoptosis to necroptosis is crucial in liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Keywords:
apoptosishepatocellular carcinomaliver inflammationnecrosis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
10:06

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • The role of H19-derived microRNA-675 (miR-675) in cancer and liver inflammation is complex, with conflicting reports on its function.
  • Understanding miR-675's precise mechanisms in liver disease is critical for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of miR-675 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell death and liver inflammation.
  • To elucidate the molecular targets and pathways regulated by miR-675 in the liver.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and mouse models of HCC and liver inflammation.
  • Assessed the expression of miR-675, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Pseudokinase (MLKL), and receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3).
  • Employed necroptosis-specific inhibitors (Nec-1/Nec-1s) and analyzed caspase activation.

Main Results:

  • miR-675 was found to promote cell death in HCC cell lines.
  • miR-675 directly downregulates FADD, a key mediator of apoptosis, with a negative correlation observed in HCC models and human samples.
  • Overexpression of miR-675 in a liver inflammation model induced necroptosis, evidenced by increased p-MLKL and RIP3 levels, enhanced MLKL-RIP3 binding, and reduced cleaved caspases 8 and 3.

Conclusions:

  • Downregulation of FADD by miR-675 promotes liver necroptosis in response to inflammatory signals.
  • This miR-675-FADD-necroptosis axis may enhance inflammatory responses in the liver.
  • miR-675 emerges as a significant regulator in liver inflammation and potentially in the pathogenesis of HCC.