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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Irinotecan Modulates Immune Checkpoints in Neuroblastoma.

Tom Lapidus1, Elina Zorde-Khvalevsky1, Alaa Jolani1

  • 1Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Immunotargets and Therapy
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irinotecan alters immune checkpoints in neuroblastoma (NBL), enhancing T-cell killing and reducing tumor burden when combined with immunotherapy. This supports exploring irinotecan-based chemo-immunotherapy strategies for high-risk NBL.

Keywords:
CD47chemotherapyimmunotherapyirinotecanneuroblastoma

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo
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Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo

Published on: July 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a common pediatric cancer with poor outcomes in high-risk cases.
  • Current treatment for high-risk NBL relies on combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Irinotecan affects the immune microenvironment of NBL cells.
  • To identify immune checkpoints modulated by Irinotecan for future chemo-immunotherapy strategies.

Main Methods:

  • NBL cell lines were treated with Irinotecan and IFN-γ.
  • Flow cytometry analyzed immune markers (GD2, CD47, MHC I, PD-L1).
  • In vivo studies in a neuroblastoma mouse model assessed Irinotecan and PBMC efficacy; soluble CD47 was measured.

Main Results:

  • Irinotecan modulated GD2, CD47, PD-L1, and MHC class I expression.
  • Irinotecan reduced macrophage phagocytosis, but anti-CD47 antibodies reversed this.
  • Pre-treatment with Irinotecan enhanced T-cell-mediated killing and reduced tumor burden in vivo when combined with PBMCs.

Conclusions:

  • Irinotecan shows potential to modulate key immune checkpoints in neuroblastoma.
  • Results support further research into rational chemo-immunotherapy combinations, including GD2 and CD47 targeting.