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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells
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Getting picky with the lysosome membrane.

Chan Lee1,2, Michael Overholtzer1,2,3

  • 1Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA.

Autophagy
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells use LC3-lipidation for lysosome membrane turnover during stress, a process called selective microautophagy. This mechanism helps maintain lysosome function under metabolic or osmotic stress.

Keywords:
ATG5LC3autophagylysophagymicroautophagy

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autophagy Research

Background:

  • Lysosomes are crucial for cellular quality control and waste disposal.
  • Mechanisms regulating lysosome health and membrane turnover are not fully understood.
  • Autophagy, including microautophagy, plays a role in cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of LC3-lipidation in lysosome membrane turnover.
  • To understand how lysosomes respond to metabolic and osmotic stress.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of selective microautophagy in mammalian cells.

Main Methods:

  • Studied lysosome membrane turnover using a novel method.
  • Investigated the role of LC3-lipidation in vesicle formation.
  • Utilized knockout models (ATG5) to assess LC3-lipidation deficiency.
  • Inducible models of metabolic (glucose starvation) and osmotic stress were employed.

Main Results:

  • LC3-lipidation on the lysosome membrane drives intralumenal vesicle formation (microautophagy).
  • This process is activated by metabolic stress (glucose starvation) and osmotic stress.
  • ATG5-deficient cells exhibit impaired lysosome size and function regulation under stress.
  • Demonstrated selective microautophagy mediated by lysosome-targeted LC3 lipidation.

Conclusions:

  • Cells adapt to stress by selectively turning over lysosomal membrane components.
  • LC3-lipidation is a key regulator of stress-induced selective microautophagy.
  • This mechanism is vital for maintaining lysosome quality control and cellular adaptation.