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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: August 1, 2017
Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Consciousness and the Intermediate Level Fallacy
Riccardo Manzotti1, Antonio Chella2,3
1Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behavior, Università di Comunicazione e Lingue (IULM), Milan, Italy.
Abstract:
Recently, there has been considerable interest and effort to the possibility to design and implement conscious robots, i.e., the chance that robots may have subjective experiences. Typical approaches as the global workspace, information integration, enaction, cognitive mechanisms, embodiment, i.e., the Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Consciousness, henceforth, GOFAC, share the same conceptual framework. In this paper, we discuss GOFAC's basic tenets and their implication for AI and Robotics. In particular, we point out the intermediate level fallacy as the central issue affecting GOFAC. Finally, we outline a possible alternative conceptual framework toward robot consciousness.
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