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Related Concept Videos

Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

Introduction to Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Visual Odometry Using Pixel Processor Arrays for Unmanned Aerial Systems in GPS Denied Environments.

Alexander McConville1, Laurie Bose2, Robert Clarke1

  • 1Flight Lab, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pixel Processor Array (PPA) vision chips enable aerial robots to navigate without Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. This technology aids in real-time navigation and control in GNSS-denied environments.

Keywords:
GPS deniedParallel ProcessingSINDUASnavigationpixel processor arrayvisual odometry

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Autonomous Systems
  • Computer Vision
  • Sensor Fusion

Background:

  • Autonomous systems struggle with navigation in Global Positioning System (GPS) or Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied environments.
  • Operating in challenging locations like indoors, urban canyons, or natural canyons is often impossible for current systems.
  • Existing navigation methods are heavily reliant on consistent GNSS signal availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the use of a Pixel Processor Array (PPA) vision chip for real-time navigation and control of aerial robots.
  • To address the limitations of GNSS-impaired environments for autonomous systems.
  • To showcase the SCAMP vision chip's capability in combining perception and computation on a single device.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a SCAMP PPA vision chip, integrating processing elements with light capture, processing, and storage.
  • Implemented concurrent visual odometry and target identification directly on the PPA device.
  • Conducted outdoor multirotor test flights to evaluate performance against baseline GPS.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a combined frequency of approximately 400 Hz for visual odometry and target identification on the PPA.
  • Demonstrated successful real-time navigation and control in GNSS-challenging conditions.
  • Showcased the SCAMP PPA's High Dynamic Range (HDR) capability for varied lighting conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The SCAMP PPA vision chip effectively aids aerial robot navigation in GNSS-denied environments.
  • Its ability to perform on-sensor processing significantly reduces bandwidth requirements and enables low-power operation.
  • The PPA's HDR and adaptive rate capabilities make it suitable for robust outdoor flight in challenging conditions.