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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Matrix Bound Nanovesicles Modulatory Effect of Inflammation In Vitro in THP-1 Cells.

Antonio Giuseppucci1, Jianing Chen1, George Hussey1,2

  • 1McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.

Pharmaceutics
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) modulate THP-1 cells, impacting IL-6 and ERK1/p44 pathways. MBVs and serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) show distinct effects, highlighting potential cargo differences for future research.

Keywords:
THP-1 cellsinflammationmacrophagesmatrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV)vesicle uptake

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Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Extracellular Vesicles Research

Background:

  • Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) are extracellular vesicles (EVs) embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM) with known immunomodulatory effects.
  • The THP-1 cell line is a valuable model for studying monocyte and macrophage functions.
  • Optimal conditions for MBV immunomodulation in THP-1 cells remain undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of MBVs on THP-1 cells under various culture and differentiation conditions.
  • To analyze the impact of MBVs on key inflammatory pathways, specifically NF-κB and ERK1/2.
  • To compare the immunomodulatory effects and cellular uptake of MBVs versus serum EVs.

Main Methods:

  • THP-1 cells were cultured and differentiated under various conditions to assess MBV immunomodulation.
  • Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and Western blotting for NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways were performed.
  • Multispectral flow cytometry was used to evaluate vesicle uptake and component colocalization in THP-1 cells.

Main Results:

  • MBVs modulated IL-6 production in most tested conditions, with limited effect on TNF-α.
  • Significant increase in ERK1/p44 phosphorylation was observed in MBV-treated groups; NF-κB p65 expression remained unchanged.
  • THP-1 cells showed low uptake of MBVs and serum EVs after 24 hours, with internalized lipids, proteins, and RNA, but no colocalization of these components.

Conclusions:

  • MBVs exhibit immunomodulatory effects on THP-1 cells, influencing IL-6 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
  • Differences in modulation between MBVs and serum EVs suggest distinct cargo compositions requiring further investigation.
  • This study provides foundational insights into MBV-THP-1 cell interactions and comparative EV analysis.