Listener impressions of alaryngeal communication modalities

Purpose: Following a total laryngectomy in which the larynx is completely removed, individuals in the USA have three primary options for alaryngeal verbal communication including tracheoesophageal speech (TES), oesophageal speech (ES) and electrolarynx (EL). Using a large sample of participants from across the USA, this study investigated listener impressions of each primary type of alaryngeal communication. As these are the individuals more likely to be participating in social interactions and in positions of hiring for employment, the general public's impressions of TES, ES and EL may be a vital consideration during the treatment process.Method: A total of 381 individuals rated eight speech samples, including samples from speakers of each alaryngeal communication modality as well samples from age and sex matched laryngeal speakers, with regards to three outcome measures: intelligence, likability and employability.Result: Listener impressions of alaryngeal speech samples were modulated by the type of communication mode. Further, the patterns of results differed by speaker sex, with ES speech rated consistently more favourable for female speakers across all outcome measures and TES rated consistently more favourable for male speakers across all outcome measures.Conclusion: An overall preference for laryngeal speech was noted, particularly with male speakers. The female ES stimuli, interestingly, was the highest rated alaryngeal communication modality. Regardless of speaker sex, all alaryngeal modes greatly affected impressions of employability relative to impressions of likeability and intelligence.